HPV Vaccine – Protecting Your Child’s Future Health

By Dr Roshni P Rao, Senior Pediatrician & Adolescent Health Consultant, Malleswaram, Bangalore

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common viral infection that affects both boys and girls. Certain types of HPV are known to cause cervical cancer and other cancers later in life.

The HPV vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect adolescents long before they are exposed to the virus.

What Is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that spreads through skin-to-skin contact. It is extremely common worldwide.

Most HPV infections clear on their own. However, certain high-risk types can lead to:

• Cervical cancer
• Anal cancer
• Throat (oropharyngeal) cancer
• Genital warts

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading cancers affecting women in India — and it is largely preventable through vaccination and screening.

Why Is the HPV Vaccine Important?

The HPV vaccine:

• Protects against the most common cancer-causing HPV types
• Prevents the majority of cervical cancer cases
• Reduces risk of genital warts
• Provides long-term protection when given at the recommended age

The vaccine works best when given before exposure to the virus, which is why it is recommended during adolescence.

At What Age Should the HPV Vaccine Be Given?

The ideal age for vaccination is:

• 9–14 years (most effective age group)

In this age group, only 2 doses are required (as per current recommendations).

For those starting at age 15 years or later, 3 doses are advised.

Both girls and boys should receive the HPV vaccine.

Why Vaccinate Boys?

HPV does not affect only girls.

Vaccinating boys:

• Protects them against HPV-related cancers
• Reduces transmission in the community
• Contributes to long-term public health protection

HPV vaccination is now considered a gender-neutral vaccine.

Is the HPV Vaccine Safe?

Yes. The HPV vaccine has been extensively studied worldwide and has an excellent safety profile.

Common mild side effects include:

• Temporary soreness at injection site
• Mild fever
• Brief dizziness

Serious side effects are extremely rare.

The vaccine does NOT affect fertility.

HPV Vaccine in India

In India, cervical cancer remains a major health concern. Increasing awareness and vaccination can significantly reduce future cancer burden.

HPV vaccines are available in India and are increasingly recommended as part of adolescent preventive healthcare.

Early vaccination today protects future health decades later.

Common Concerns Parents Have

“My child is too young for this vaccine.”

The vaccine is preventive — it must be given before exposure.

“Does this encourage early sexual activity?”

No. Scientific evidence clearly shows that vaccination does not influence behaviour. It is purely a health protection measure.

“Is it necessary if my child is healthy?”

Yes. The vaccine prevents future infection and cancer risk — even in otherwise healthy individuals.

A Reassuring Note for Parents

HPV vaccination is one of the most powerful tools in preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.

As part of comprehensive adolescent healthcare — including nutrition guidance, mental wellbeing, and preventive screening — HPV vaccination plays a vital role in protecting long-term health.

If you would like to discuss HPV vaccination for your child, you may consult Dr Roshni P Rao for personalised guidance.