Understanding Varicose Veins

More Than Just a Cosmetic Concern

What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most commonly appear in the legs. They develop when the tiny valves inside the veins — which normally ensure one-way blood flow upward toward the heart — become weak or incompetent. This causes blood to pool in the legs, resulting in visible, bulging veins. While many people regard varicose veins as a cosmetic issue, they can sometimes be a sign of chronic venous insufficiency, a progressive medical condition that warrants proper evaluation and care.

When Is It More Than Cosmetic?

Varicose veins are not always harmless. Certain symptoms suggest that the underlying venous disease may be progressing and that timely medical attention is needed. You should seek evaluation if you experience any of the following:

• Persistent leg pain, heaviness, or fatigue — especially after prolonged standing or sitting
• Swelling of the ankles or feet, particularly in the evenings
• Itching, skin darkening, or skin thickening near the ankle
• Non-healing wounds or venous ulcers around the lower leg
• Sudden bleeding from a varicose vein

These symptoms indicate worsening venous disease. Early assessment can help prevent complications and significantly improve your comfort and quality of life.

The Role of Compression Stockings

Graduated compression stockings are often the first step in managing varicose veins. They work by applying gentle, graded pressure to the legs — greatest at the ankle, gradually decreasing toward the thigh. This pressure assists blood flow upward toward the heart, helping to:

• Reduce ankle and leg swelling
• Relieve the sensation of heaviness or aching
• Improve day-to-day comfort and mobility

Compression stockings are particularly useful in the early stages of varicose veins and are commonly recommended following procedures to support healing and optimise results.

Modern Treatment Options

Today's treatment landscape for varicose veins is reassuringly advanced. Procedures are quick, minimally invasive, and relatively painless, with most patients returning to their routine activities within a short time.

• Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA): A laser fibre is inserted into the affected vein under ultrasound guidance. Laser energy is delivered to close off the diseased vein, redirecting blood flow through healthier vessels.
• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): Similar to laser ablation, this technique uses radiofrequency energy to heat and seal the vein wall. It is well tolerated and associated with minimal post-procedure discomfort.

Both procedures are performed under local anaesthesia and allow patients to walk immediately after treatment. No hospitalisation is required.